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Norman N. Holland (born 1927, New York City) is an American literary critic and Marston-Milbauer Eminent Scholar Emeritus at the University of Florida. Holland’s scholarship has focused largely on psychoanalytic criticism and cognitive poetics, subjects on which he has written fifteen books and nearly 250 scholarly articles.〔A partial bibliography of Norman Holland's publications can be found here: http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/nholland/bibliog.htm〕 He is widely recognized for his scholarship specifically related to psychoanalytic applications in literary study. He is thus a major scholar of literary theory, primarily for having been one of the pioneers of Reader Response Criticism.〔See Tompkins, Jane P. (ed.) (1980). Reader-response Criticism: From Formalism to Post-structuralism. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-2401-X. Tompkins' is one of several important texts that deal with the history of Reader Response and Norman Holland's role in its development.〕 Holland's writings have been translated into Chinese, Dutch, Persian, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Hungarian, Polish, Russian, Spanish, and Turkish.〔Holland's translated works include ''Xiao.'' Trans. Pan Guoqing. Shanghai: Shanghai People's Publishing House, 1991 (translated into Chinese from ''Laughing: A Psychology of Humor'', originally published in 1982) and ''La dinamica della risposta letteraria''. Trans. Fernando Villa. Rev. Gabriella Fenocchia. Bologna: Il Mulino, 1986. Introduzione all'edizione italiana di Vanna Gentili (translated into Italian from ''The Dynamics of Literary Response'', originally published in 1989. For further translations of Holland's texts, see his (bibliography )〕 ==Academic Positions and Professional History== Holland received a B.S. in electrical engineering in 1947 from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and a J.D. in 1950 from Harvard Law School. As his interests shifted from patent law to literature he was accepted as a doctoral student at Harvard University, where he received his Ph.D. in English Literature in 1956. He then accepted an appointment in MIT's School of Humanities, where he taught until 1966, becoming head of the literature section. Holland also trained at the Boston Psychoanalytic Society and Institute, graduating in 1966. In the same year he accepted a position as chair of the (Department of English at the State University of New York at Buffalo ), where he became McNulty Professor. In 1983, he was named a (Marston-Milbauer Eminent Scholar ) by the University of Florida, where he taught until his retirement in 2008. Holland received an (American Council of Learned Societies Fellowship ) in 1974-75 and a (Guggenheim Fellowship ) in1979-80. Holland has served on several committees of the Modern Language Association (MLA) and was a member and nominating committee chair of (the English Institute ). He has also been a member of the following organizations: the Association Internationale d'Esthétique Experimentale, the (Shakespeare Association of America ), the (International Association of University Professors of English (IAUPE) ), the (Society for Cinema and Media Studies ) (editor and council member, 1963), the (Boston Psychoanalytic Society and Institute ) (affiliate member, 1965- ), and the Western New York Psychoanalytic Society (1969-1983). He was also a founder and steering committee member of the Buffalo, Gainesville, and Boston branches of the Group for Applied Psychoanalysis. Since 1976, Holland has served as a scientific associate at the (American Academy of Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychiatry ) and since 1981 has been on the advisory board of the D. W. Winnicott Library. He has participated in the Personal Testimony Group of the Social Science Research Council (SSRC) and in the Tampa Psychoanalytic Study Group since 1985. In 1993, Holland founded the (PSYART ) online discussion group and has since been an active moderator. He is also the founder and former editor of ''(PsyArt: A Hyperlink Journal for the Psychology of the Arts )''(' ), which has been in publication since 1997. He currently sits on the editorial boards of the ''(Psychoanalytic Review )'' and the peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary journal, (''Projections: The Journal for Movies and Mind'' ). Besides being the (Marston-Milbauer Eminent Scholar at the University of Florida ), Holland has also held more than a dozen membership roles, board positions and teaching appointments. Some such major appointments and memberships include: Member of the McKnight Brain Institute, visiting professorships at Stanford University, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and University of Paris VII (Charles V) and University of Paris VIII (Vincennes - Saint-Denis), and the director of the Center for the Psychological Study of the Arts at SUNY Buffalo.〔The following is a partial list of Holland's memberships and appointments: Member, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida (2003-present); Marston-Milbauer Eminent Scholar, University of Florida (1983-2008); Visiting Professor, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (1994); Visiting Professor, University of Paris VII (Charles V) (1985); Director, Institute for Psychological Study of the Arts, University of Florida (1984-1985); James H. McNulty Professor of English, State University of New York at Buffalo (1980-1983); Director, Center for the Psychological Study of the Arts, State University of New York at Buffalo (1970-1979); Visiting Professor, University of Paris VIII (Vincennes) (1971-1972); Professor of English, State University of New York at Buffalo,Chair of the Department (1966-1968); Visiting Professor of Drama, Stanford University (Summer 1965); Associate Professor of English, M.I.T. (1962-1966); Faculty Resident, Baker House, M.I.T. (1956-1960); Assistant Professor of English, M.I.T. (1956-1962); Instructor, M.I.T. (1955-1956); Teaching Fellow and Resident Tutor, Harvard University (1953-1955)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Norman N. Holland」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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